Compared to this mighty goddess, who also possessed the earliest temple at Olympia and two of the great fifth and sixth-century temples of Paestum, the termagant of Homer and the myths is an "almost. Samos excavations have revealed votive offerings, many of them late 8th and 7th centuries BCE, which show that Hera at Samos was not merely a local Greek goddess of the Aegean: the museum there contains figures of gods and suppliants and other votive offerings from Armenia, Babylon, Iran, Assyria, Egypt, testimony to the reputation which this sanctuary of Hera enjoyed and to the large influx of pilgrims. There is also no evidence of tiles on this temple suggesting either the temple was never finished or that the temple was open to the sky.Įarlier sanctuaries, whose dedication to Hera is less certain, were of the Mycenaean type called "house sanctuaries". In one of these temples, we see a forest of 155 columns. This was replaced by the Polycratean temple of 540–530 BCE. The temple created by the Rhoecus sculptors and architects was destroyed between 570 and 560 BCE. There were many temples built on this site, so the evidence is somewhat confusing, and archaeological dates are uncertain. It was replaced later by the Heraion of Samos, one of the largest of all Greek temples (altars were in front of the temples under the open sky). Hera may have been the first deity to whom the Greeks dedicated an enclosed roofed temple sanctuary, at Samos about 800 BCE. both socially and physically or emotionally." Cult could be originally either (a) ‘the female who is attached/coupled’ or (b) ‘the female who attaches herself’. Moreover, the derivation presupposes that Hera herself must have been imagined as a ‘raped girl’ at some point… This root noun would have served as the basis for an exocentric derivative… ‘belonging/relating to the rape, of the rape’ whose feminine… would have meant ‘she of the rape… Formally this theory is unobjectionable (especially if the postulated noun were, despite the divergent semantics, reflected in Homeric… ‘to gratify’ < ‘to pay tribute’.), but it seems most uncertain whether in the eyes of a (Proto-)Greek a raped (booty) woman could have become one of the legitimate wives who are protected by Hera. and posits a related root noun… with the meaning ‘(violent) taking’ > ‘rape’ > ‘booty’. Peters, starts from the verbal root… ‘to catch, take’. Īndreas Willi addresses some additional possibilities: "M. Her name is attested in Mycenaean Greek written in the Linear B syllabic script as □□ e-ra, appearing on tablets found in Pylos and Thebes, as well in the Cypriotic dialect in the dative e-ra-i. van Windekens, offers "young cow, heifer", which is consonant with Hera's common epithet βοῶπις ( boōpis, "cow-eyed"). In a note, he records other scholars' arguments "for the meaning Mistress as a feminine to Heros, Master." John Chadwick, a decipherer of Linear B, remarks "her name may be connected with hērōs, ἥρως, 'hero', but that is no help since it too is etymologically obscure." A. So begins the section on Hera in Walter Burkert's Greek Religion. According to Plutarch, Hera was an allegorical name and an anagram of aēr (ἀήρ, "air"). The name of Hera has several possible and mutually exclusive etymologies one possibility is to connect it with Greek ὥρα hōra, season, and to interpret it as ripe for marriage and according to Plato ἐρατή eratē, "beloved" as Zeus is said to have married her for love. She is sometimes shown holding a pomegranate, as an emblem of immortality. Her sacred animals include the cow, cuckoo and the peacock. She presides over weddings, blesses and legalises marital unions, and protects women from harm during childbirth. She is the patron goddess of lawful marriage. Her iconography usually presents her as a dignified, matronly figure, upright or enthroned, crowned with a polos or diadem, sometimes veiled as a married woman. One of her defining characteristics in myth is her jealous and vengeful nature in dealing with any who offend her, especially Zeus' numerous adulterous lovers and illegitimate offspring. In Greek mythology, she is queen of the twelve Olympians and Mount Olympus, sister and wife of Zeus, and daughter of the Titans Cronus and Rhea. Hḗrā Ἥρη, Hḗrē in Ionic and Homeric Greek) is the goddess of marriage, women and family, and the protector of women during childbirth. In ancient Greek religion, Hera ( / ˈ h ɛr ə, ˈ h ɪər ə/ Greek: Ἥρα, translit.
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